Knowledge base / Security / Industrial cybersecurity

IEC 62443-4-1 and 4-2.
Process is not the same as product.

You are looking for a well-founded security approach for your control systems. You want to know how a product was developed, its technical capabilities, and how to apply it securely.

Two different questions for your supplier

IEC 62443-4-1

How is the product developed and maintained?

This part sets requirements for the secure development process of industrial automation products. It concerns how a developer organizes security throughout the product lifecycle.

IEC 62443-4-2

Which technical security functions does the component offer?

This part describes technical requirements for components, such as embedded equipment, network components, host components, and software. The specific component and version are therefore essential.

4-1: from security requirement to support

A secure development process starts before writing code. Which risks are relevant? Which security requirements follow from them? How are design and implementation tested? And how are vulnerabilities and updates handled after delivery?

The public IEC explanation mentions, among other things, security requirements, secure design and implementation, verification and validation, defect and patch management, and the end of the product lifecycle. The scope focuses on the developer and maintainer, not the user or integrator. Read the explanation of IEC 62443-4-1.

Practical question during procurement

Ask how a reported vulnerability moves from receipt to assessment, resolution, and customer communication. Then ask what process evidence is available. A vague promise about “security-by-design” says less than a demonstrable way of working.

4-2: assessing the technical component

IEC 62443-4-2 groups requirements around seven foundations: identification and authentication, usage rights, system integrity, confidentiality, restricted data flow, timely response to events, and resource availability. It concerns component capabilities; a required or actually achieved security level for the entire installation does not automatically follow. Read the explanation of IEC 62443-4-2.

For a remote access project, you can translate this into your own assessment list:

  • How are users and devices recognized, and how is access revoked?
  • Which rights and network connections can you actually limit?
  • How are configurations, software, and communication protected?
  • Which events are visible and useful during investigation?
  • How does the component behave during failure, overload, or an update?

These questions help the technical dialogue. They are not a full representation of the standard and not a conformity test.

The installation is more than one component

IEC 62443 also looks at the system and the surrounding organization. Part 3-2 covers risk assessment and the division into zones and communication links between zones, the so-called conduits. Part 3-3 covers technical requirements at the system level. A router is therefore one part of a broader setup. View the overview of the IEC 62443 series.

For example, suppose a supplier only needs to maintain a controller on one production line. Then account rights, the remote connection, firewall rules, and the local application must fit that scope. A correctly authenticated user with an overly broad network route remains a risk.

How do you read a certification claim?

Ask for the exact part of the standard, the assessed scope, the product, and the software version. Check whether the claim concerns a development process, component, or system, and which boundary conditions apply. A certificate for 4-1 does not automatically prove that every product is certified under 4-2.

A component assessment also does not simply provide a declaration for your entire installation. This page does not claim specific IEC certification or security levels for Remote products. Product claims must be supported by current, product-specific documentation.

From standard requirement to working setup

We help you think about remote access, data logging/monitoring, portal rights, and customization. Start with the control system, the task, and the users; then make the security requirements and evidence concrete.

Based on public IEC explanations, not on a performed standard audit. For full requirements, the applicable standard documents and a project-specific assessment are required.